In Juice Generation, Inc. v, GS Enterprises, LLC, [2014-1853] (July 20, 2015), the Federal Circuit vacated a TTAB decision sustaining GS Enterprises’ opposition to Juice Generation’s application to register PEACE LOVE AND JUICE based upon their PEACE & LOVE marks for restaurant services, including:

Reviewing the Board’s likelihood of confusion determination de novo, the Federal Circuit noted that although Juice Generation introduced evidence of a fair number of third-party uses of marks containing “peace” and “love” followed by a third, product-identifying term, the Board discounted the evidence because there were no “specifics regarding the extent of sales or promotional efforts surrounding the third-party marks and, thus, what impact, if any, these uses have made in the minds of the purchasing public.”  The Federal Circuit found that the Board’s treatment of the evidence of third-party marks did not adequately account for the apparent force of that evidence.  While the specifics as to the extent and impact of use not have been proven, the Federal Circuit found the evidence “powerful on its face”. The Federal Circuit said that the Board overlooked the fact that regardless of the extend of use, extensive evidence of third-party use and registrations indicates that the phrase PEACE & LOVE carries a suggestive or descriptive connotation in the food service industry, and is weak for that reason.

The Federal Circuit also found that the Board improperly failed to consider the marks as a whole when it declared that “PEACE LOVE” is the “dominant” portion of applicant’s marks, and compared only that portion to GS’s “PEACE & LOVE” marks.  The Federal Circuit said that this analysis did not display any consideration of how the three word phrase in Juice Generation’s mark might convey a distinct meaning—including by having different connotations in consumers’ minds—from the two-word phrase.  The Federal Circuit also observed that it was improper to give no significance to the disclaimed term JUICE because the consuming public encountering the mark would be unaware of the disclaimer.

The Board’s decision does not seem out of line with their past practice; perhaps the Federal Circuit is trying to inject more real world considerations into their process because after In B&B Hardware, Inc. v. Hargis Industries, Inc.  the Board’s decisions may have greater impact on the real world.

In Couture v. Playdom, Inc., [2014-1480] (Fed. Cir. March 2, 2015), the Federal Circuit affirmed the cancellation of Couture’s federal registration on PLAYDOM because while on the May 30, 2008. filing date Couture had advertised the services, he did not actually perform the services until 2010 long after the Registration issued on January 13, 2009.  Although the Federal Circuit had not previously addressed the question, it found that “[o]n its face, the statute is clear.”  15 U.S.C. § 1051(a)(1) required use in commerce, and 15 U.S.C. §1127 defined use as rendering the services in commerce.  The Federal Circuit noted that the Second, Fourth, and Eighth have also indicated that actually performing the services, as opposed to merely advertising them, is required for a use-based service mark application.

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Similarity of trademarks is judged based upon appearance, sound, and meaning, as Sazerac recently reminded us.  Sazerac, the makers of Buffalo Trace bourbon sued  Intercontinental Packaging Company d/b/a Crosby Lakes Spirits Co. over their Bison Ridge brand of Canadian whisky.  While “buffalo” and “bison” are different is appearance and sound, they are one in the same animal, the scientific name of the American Buffalo is bison bison.  It will be interesting to see whether similarity of meaning carries the day.

Back in 2011 Dan McCall’s destributors received cease-and-desist letters from the NSA and DHS over T-shirts and mugs criticizing the two agencies by spoofing their seals, which are protected by special, nontrademark statutes. In October 2013 McCall filed a declaratory judgment action (PWG-13-3203 in the District of Maryland) to stop this interference with his free speach.  The parties appear to have reached a settlement, with the NSA conceding that the merchandise was “intended as parody” and shouldn’t have warranted a letter, and the DHS agreeing that its cease-and-desist request was “overbroad” because McCall was merely providing “commentary” about the agency.  The agencies are required to provide a letter to McCall and his distributor, confirming their interpretation that 50 U.S.C. 3613(a) does not prohibit parody or commentary:

The DHS’ letter provided a similar qualification of 18 U.S.C. 506, and even promised to establish internal guidelines about sending cease and desist letters in the future:

COMMENT: While trademark owners may not like parodies, the proper borders or which are sometimes hard to define, increasingly there is a price for overreaching.  There are other, better ways to get results than dashing off an overbroad and blustery cease and desist letter that may backfire.

Zynga, Inc., creators of the popular Words With Friends game, has sued Bag With Friends, Inc., developers of an application that facilitates “hook-ups” between Facebook Friends,  The 21 page Complaint, filed July 30, 2013, alleges infringement of regisrered trademarks, infringement of unregistered trademarks, false designation of origin, dilution, state trademark infringment, common law trademark infrignement, and common law passing off and unfair competition.

India deposited its instrument of accession to the Madrid Protocol for the International Registration of Marks at WIPO, bringing the total number of members of the Madrid Protocol System 90. The treaty will enter into force with respect to India on July 8, 2013.

As the graph below shows, U.S interest in the Madrid Protocol continues to grow slowly.  Last year U.S. applicants filed 5073 applications under the Madrid Protocol about 12% of the total.  The continued growth of the system provides added incentive to employ this overlooked tool.